1983
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Philippe Didier et al., « Activity of water as a geochemical controlling factor in ferricretes. A thermodynamic model in the system : kaolinite Fe - oxihydroxides Fe-Al », Sciences Géologiques, bulletins et mémoires, ID : 10670/1.itgr86
In ferricretes, nodulation within the kaolinite soil matrix is always made up of Al-hematite. Hematite replaces the clay through a pseudomorphic relation. From nodules to pisolites, centripetal evolution leads to a neoformation of Al-goethite. The final evolution of pisolites, then the ferricrete dismantling, consist of a goethite forming stage. Elements distribution and thermodynamic equilibria among solid solutions were calculated on the basis of a Gibbs free energy minimizing model. Results well agree with observed substitutions and mineral sequences and bring out prominent part of water activity which is controlled by pore size distribution.