2020
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Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana
Zhanna MAZHITOVA et al., « Convergence of Customary Law and Sharia in the Kazakh Steppe Based on Russian Reports (First Half of the 19th Century) », Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana, ID : 10670/1.lwmpuo
"In the XVIII century, the Russian Empire entered Kazakh lands. It contributed to the spread of Islam among the Kazakhs. By the beginning of the 19th century, legal pluralism appeared on the territory of the Steppe. Customary law and Sharia mixed up in the process of parallel development, complemented each other, and eventually found the most acceptable option for coexistence. The choice between different judicial practices, i.e., Sharia or customary law, on the territory of the Steppe led to the fact that the Russian government eventually supported the adat in order to reduce the influence of Islam on the local population."