La Trame Verte à l'épreuve du terrain : pratiques et représentations des agriculteurs

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Resume Pour mettre en place la trame verte, les interactions et prises de décisions avec les agriculteurs sont absolument nécessaires. En effet, actifs sur le terrain concerné, leur point de vue compte pour l’élaboration des structures. Comprendre leurs aspirations et leur mode de fonctionnement est donc une priorité. L’enquête par entretiens semi-directifs auprès de vingt exploitants agricoles de la vallée du Grésivaudan propose des réponses et des pistes.

Biodiversity has dramatically decreased those last decades, mainly because of urban sprawl and the development of intensive agriculture. In France, this topic is addressed by the “green belts” measure, which objective is to preserve or re-create paths to allow animal or vegetal species to move from one habitat to another one. Different semi-natural elements localized in farming areas can contribute to green belts: permanent grasslands, hedges, woods, fallows, grass strips, and isolated trees. The objective of this study is to understand farmers’ practices and knowledge concerning these elements and the reasons of their practices. It is based on deep interviews among a sample of 20 farmers, located in the suburban context of Grenoble (Valley of Gresivaudan). The results of this work show that semi-natural elements are differently integrated in farming systems depending on their nature, their localization and their function and usefulness in farming system. However the integration of these elements in farming systems also depends on territorial context of the farming area as well as on how farmers consider them in a patrimonial, an aesthetic or a sensitive point of view. Combining those criteria, we identify four different profiles of farmers’ behaviours concerning semi-natural elements.