Crises et résiliences en Afrique sub-saharienne : variations de la mortalité infanto-juvénile depuis 1950

Résumé 0

This chapter summarizes case studies on the demographic impacts of economic, political, epidemiological and environmental crises that occurred in sub-Saharan Africa since independence. These crises had mainly consequences on the mortality of young children. The approach followed is partly demographic and partly historical, with emphasis on the complexity of the phenomena in each case study. Several case studies of impacts on child mortality are thus reviewed: Angola, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Rwanda, Burundi during the years of civil war; Ghana and the crisis of the 'kalabule' years (1978-1983); Madagascar and the political crisis of the years of the Malagasy revolution (1975-1986); Uganda, and the crisis of the years of the presidency of Idi-Amin (1971-1979); Zambia and the copper crisis (1975-1992); the multiple crises that occurred in Nigeria, as well as the difficult years in Kenya, Cameroon, Ethiopia, and the two Congo's. What is impressive in most cases is the resilience of populations, that is to say the ability to recover quickly after the crisis. However, this recovery is not always complete, and in some cases even impossible, because crises can have definitive impacts by cohort effect on certain variables