2018
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info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.21134/riaa.v2i3.1314
Emmanuel Auvray, « Una historia de la enseñanza de la natación en la educatión la física vista a través de los currícolos reales de los profesores de campo en Francia (segunda mitad del siglo XX) », HAL-SHS : sciences de l'éducation, ID : 10.21134/riaa.v2i3.1314
In physical education as in other subjects, the studies of people of national and international relevance are known and applied.However, anonymous teachers, who are ultimately those who apply the curriculum and give it a real character, have much to say in this regard. The inclusion of swimming within the subject of physical education has undergone a great evolution over the years, and field teachers are the ones who have to contribute the most.Objectives: The purpose of this study is to account for a historical research on the evolution, according to a population of anonymous physical education teachers, of school educational practices related to swimming in Secondary Education (Baccalaureate, Compulsory Secondary Education) in 25 academies, during the second half of the 20th century.Method: A survey was carried out by semi-structured questionnaire, completed with written testimonies, and private and semi-official printed records, where a total of 158 teachers of different educational levels belonging to 25 educational academinas participated.Results: Results: it is clear from this study a periodization constituted in three periods: a swimming of survival (1945-1959), a swimming in the shadow of the federative sports swimming (1960-1986), and a swimming that turns on itself (1987 -2000). In addition, at the local level, there is a relative diversity of real curricula, which nonetheless continue to be based on formal national physical education curricula.Conclusions: Specifically, the curricular disparity (real-official) seems to be related to a set of variables that depend at the macro level of the different personal and professional biographical paths of the field teachers; at a meso level to local educational contexts; and at the micro level, the evolution in the identity of Physical Education and discourses on pedagogy and the didactic of swimming. This real disparity makes us question the effective democratization of physical education at the national level against the motto of the French Republic "freedom, equality and fraternity".