DESPRE CONCEPTUL DE SALIENŢĂ LINGVISTICĂ ŞI CĂROR FENOMENE CORESPUNDE ÎN LIMBA ROMÂNĂ

Résumé En Ro

Some recent linguistic studies have been based on a concept that has not been defined yet, to our knowledge, in Romanian linguistics. Namely, it is about the notion of saliency (cf. Fr. saillance < Engl. saliency). This term is rather new, even at international level. However, the phenomena it describes are not. It has been first in use in psycho-cognitive sciences, dealing with the analysis of the form of an object (cf. Gestalt theory), but also in visual sciences, to show the detachment of a figure on a ground. Broadly speaking, some researchers have assimilated in this concept the prominence phenomena, while others have related it to contrasting, emphasis or, in other words, making prominent. Whatever the definition level, one thing seems to be common in all of them: to be salient means to first come to one's mind, visually, to catch one's attention (Landragin 2007). Starting from these features, linguists have taken the concept, exploiting it first in stylistics. Recently, its use has been extended to other fields as well, from sentence discourse organisation to morphosyntax and semantics. It is admitted that a linguistic object is salient when it has a series of special lexical, syntactic, semantic and/or prosodic properties. This article proposes to deal extensively with the concept of linguistic saliency and to support it with data from Romanian. Namely, we will re-discuss, considering this concept, some well-known phenomena, which we will try to interpret as instantiations of linguistic saliency: issues related to the sentence information structure, especially strong topicalisation and focalisation.

Unele cercetări lingvistice de dată recentă (a se vedea în special lucrările lui (Landragin 2004, 2007, 2009) şi numărul tematic al revistei Faits de Langue 39 din 2012, Paris, Ophrys) se bazează pe un concept care, după ştiinţa noastră, nu a fost încă (riguros) definit în lingvistica românească. Este vorba despre noţiunea de salienţă, pe care am tradus-o din franţuzescul saillance (cf. englezescul saliency). În lucrarea de faţă, avem două obiective : (i) să oferim câteva elemente de definiţie a conceptului de salienţă gramaticală / lingvistică; (ii) să ilustrăm acest concept cu câteva date din limba română. Mai precis, vom readuce în discuţie, prin prisma acestui concept, câteva fenomene binecunoscute, pe care le vom analiza ca manifestări particulare ale principiului general, care este salienţa. Ne vom referi în mod special la unele aspecte ale organizării informaţionale a enunţului, anume la structurile de tematizare (forte) şi rematizare.