Shades of Red: Changing Understandings of Political Loyalty in the Chinese Communist Party, 1921–2021
Fiche du document
25 janvier 2024
- handle: 10670/1.xc3rqk
- isbn: 9781760466237
- hal: hal-04429772
- doi: 10.22459/CCP.2024.05
Ce document est lié à :
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.22459/CCP.2024.05
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ , info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
Mots-clés
China Chinese Communist Party political loyaltySujets proches
Moral philosophy Science, Moral Morals Ethics, Primitive Philosophy, Moral Morality Deontology EthologyCiter ce document
Jérôme Doyon et al., « Shades of Red: Changing Understandings of Political Loyalty in the Chinese Communist Party, 1921–2021 », Archive ouverte de Sciences Po (SPIRE), ID : 10.22459/CCP.2024.05
Métriques
Partage / Export
Résumé
This chapter is structured in a chronological manner. It traces the evolution of the Party’s understanding of loyalty, focusing on turning points, and explores how it interacts with the CCP’s recruitment trends. During its early years (1921–35), the CCP developed an ascriptive understanding of the loyalty of its ranks in order to survive the GMD’s continuous repression. The notion of ‘Party spirit’ later emerged as a behavioural approach to loyalty in the context of the post–Long March organisational developments (1935–48). After the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 and until Mao Zedong’s (毛泽东) death in 1976, the CCP oscillated between periods of intense activism and membership expansion, and other periods focused on economic planning. Under Deng Xiaoping’s (邓小平) leadership, the Party moved to a behavioural definition of political loyalty, tied initially to one’s actions during the Cultural Revolution. As the Party opened its doors to entrepreneurs in the early 2000s with Jiang Zemin’s (江泽民) ‘Three Represents’, the demand for loyalty became increasingly focused on cadres. At the same time, in the context of rising corruption, the CCP’s definition of political virtue and Party spirit expanded into the realm of morality, asking officials to be loyal but also exemplary in their personal and familial ethics. Finally, as the CCP under Xi Jinping’s leadership further diversifies its membership, we see a push towards activism: the morality and ethics of both Party members and cadres are being increasingly monitored to ensure their loyalty to the Party is genuine.