19 novembre 2020
Luis Galindo, « L’influence des interactions collaboratives et coopératives sur l’inventivité lors de la conception d’un artefact numérique d’apprentissage. Le cas du projet REMASCO pour « Réinventer le manuel scolaire » en mobilisant les techniques numériques. », HAL-SHS : sciences de l'information, de la communication et des bibliothèques, ID : 10670/1.zdirsk
Design groups are often expected to be creative and inventive. The performance of an inventive design group can be measured by three factors: the total number of contributions (ideas), the even distribution of the contribution rate within the group, and the exploration of new ideas. Since digital technologies challenge the uses, form, design and interactions proposed by digital learning artifacts, many digital resources for academic learning are similar to digital facsimiles of print resources. Thus, the supposed potential of digital techniques is not being fully realized and there is a lack of inventiveness in the design of digital versions of learning artifacts. This thesis proposes a design method that promotes collaborative interactions - as opposed to cooperative interactions - that would influence the level of inventiveness in the process of designing digital learning artifacts. The cooperative organization organizes shared design tasks that are distributed among educational players who are experts in their fields, whereas the collaborative organization relies on the confrontation of views, ideas and contributions of all participants in design workshops that bring together groups of educational players with heterogeneous profiles and competencies. To test our hypothesis, we chose the digital textbook as a digital learning artifact, as it is emblematic of educational resources and lends itself both to a simple digitization of printed textbooks and to transpositions that benefit from the new functionalities made possible by the use of digital technology. We proposed an experimental study by forming six cross-category design groups composed of all the actors of the educational system and working online. In this way, we traced and quantified all the online interactions between the participants in each group during the three months of the design process. We found 1) that collaborative interactions in the design process improved the quality of the flow of ideas compared to the cooperative design groups that divided the work; 2) a positive correlation between the collaboration coefficient of each design group and the level of inventiveness of the designed artifact; and 3) a correlation at the individual level between the number of confrontations with a given idea during the design process and the probability of adopting it. We observed that the designed artifact could be a representation of the collective flow of ideas of the entire group, with the group's ideas being translated into the designed artifact. We postulate that this artifact could then have the potential to influence those same designers. Following this study, we tested the proposed design method several times to make it evolve. The new versions of the design method use both collaborative and cooperative design work sessions depending on the nature of the task to be performed in each step of the design process. Finally, given that we are interested in the collaborative and cooperative dynamics in the design method proposed by this research, it is important to note the importance of taking into account the risks of simplification assumed in this thesis regarding methodological choices when interpreting the results.