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7 juin 2024
- doi: 10.58079/11s27
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Duties Fee system (Taxation) Taxation, Incidence of Tax reform Tax policy Taxes Duties Customs duties Border taxes Customs (Tariff) Tariff on raw materials Fees, Import Import fees Import controls Ad valorem tariff Commonwealth, The Administration Groups, Small Political thought Government Political theory Civil government Commonwealth, The Science, Political Administration Politics Duties Customs duties, Internal Tariff, Internal Administration Coexistence Foreign relations Peaceful coexistence World order Foreign policy Interdependence of nations International affairs Global governance Foreign affairs Federation, International International federation World government World order Organization, International World federation International administration Interdependence of nations World organization Global governance World order Institutions, International International institutions Interdependence of nations Cooperation, International Global governance Office employees Office workers Commercial employees Clerical employees Employees, Clerical Clerical personnel Double entry bookkeeping Craftsmen Artizans Craftspeople Craftspersons Administration Public administration--Law and legislation Law, Administrative Estates, Administration of AdministrationCiter ce document
dutournier, « Chinese-European Academic Lecture No. 203 », European Research Centre for Chinese Studies, ID : 10.58079/11s27
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Typically scribes are not considered craftsmen but rather clerks or bookkeepers. This is also true for ancient Mesopotamian scribes (in Akkadian, ṭupšarrum): administration and bookkeeping fell within their everyday duties. There were, however, small groups of scribes whose tasks were very different from their colleagues: with the secret knowledge of the divine world transmitted for generations, they maintained the world order at whose center, the king stood as the ultimate intermediatory be...