Risk and protection factors in the peer context: how do other children contribute to the psychosocial adjustment of the adolescent?

Résumé 0

"As children become adolescents, peers assume greater importance in their lives. Peer experiences can either help them thrive or nega- tively affect their psychosocial adjustment. In this review article definitions for the types of peer ex- periences are provided followed by an overview of common psychosocial issues encountered by ado- lescents. Past research that has pointed to risk and protection factors that emerge from peer ex- periences during adolescence and the role of peer influences in the context of current issues rele- vant to adolescent education are discussed. Rese- arch suggests that friendships with deviant peers, involvement in bullying and the experience of rejection from the overall peer group are related to adjustment problems, whereas friendships with prosocial and academically oriented peers and social acceptance in the peer group are related to healthy development. Friendship quality, popu- larity among peers, and involvement in friendship cliques cannot be clearly categorized as either positive or negative influences, because they in- teract with other factors in shaping the develop- ment of adolescents. The promotion of social ski- lls and positive youth leadership as an integral part of the student’s learning process in school is recommended."